Decision Support System for Genomic Analysis of Autosomal Chromosomes

Abstract

Human body is made of billions of cells. Cells are the very small units that make up all living things. All the chromosomes are found inside cells. A chromosome consists of a long chain of DNA containing many genes. A human chromosome can have up to 500 million base pairs of DNA with thousands of genes. Genes are found on tiny vermicelli-like structures called chromosomes. Genes carry the information that determines the human traits which are features or characteristics that are passed on to humans or inherited from their parents. Chromosomes play a vital role in human body. In human body there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. The first 22 pairs are called autosomes which look exactly the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is called an allosome and it is gender chromosome. The major factor for stem cell matching is to determine Chromosome matching. Each chromosome has many genes. Identifying all the genes in each 22 pairs of chromosomes and clustering the genes which is essential for Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), forms the base of identifying donors in stem cell matching. The human MHC is also called the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) complex genes are necessary for identifying donors in stem cell matching. Therefore classifications of genes based on their chromosome and then clustering the essential genes help in identifying the donors for stem cell matching.