A Survey on Secured and Energy Efficient Hierarchical Routing Based Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Authors

  • Harish N J  Asst. Prof., Department of ECE, VTU, Belagavi, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
  • H S Manjunatha Reddy  Prof. and Head, Department of ECE, VTU, Belagavi, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Keywords:

Wireless Sensor Network, Hierarchical Routing, LEACH, Cluster Head, Energy Efficiency, and Network Lifetime

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) domain is one of the most emergent fields in today’s smart world with plenty of applications such as defense, environment and wildlife monitoring, healthcare etc. A basic wireless sensor network is consisting of number of randomly deployed sensor nodes to collect and transmit the data to base station. Since charging and replacement of batteries is not feasible in wireless network, hence designing of energy efficient routing protocols along with better network lifetime is area of interest for researchers. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) was the basic routing protocol which was proposed around 17 years ago. This routing scheme has been further enhanced in order to optimize the network parameters as per the requirement. In this paper, we have surveyed different hierarchical routing protocols which are enhanced versions of standard LEACH algorithm. We have also presented a comparative analysis for the surveyed routing schemes. This survey paper finally makes inroads for further researches in the domain of hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor networks.

References

  1. R. Govindan, J. Heidemann, S. Kumar, and D. Estrin, "Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks", in ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, New York, NY, USA, 1999, pp. 263-270.
  2. S. Pino-Povedano, R. Arroyo-Valles, and J. Cid-Sueiro, "Selective forwarding for energy-efficient target tracking in sensor networks", Signal Processing, vol. 94, pp. 557–569, 2014.
  3. A. Abed, A. Alkhatib, and G. S. Baicher, "Wireless sensor network architecture", in International Conference on Computer Networks and Communication Systems (CNCS 2012), vol. 35. Singapore: IACSIT Press, 2012, pp. 11–15.
  4. I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "Wireless sensor networks: A survey", Computer Network, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 393–422, Mar. 2002.
  5. Z. Zhang and V. Varadharajan, "Wireless Sensor Network key management survey and taxonomy", Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 33, pp 63-75, 2010.
  6. N. A. Pantazis, S. A. Nikolidakis and D. D. Vergados, "Energy efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey", IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 551–591, Second 2013.
  7. J. Kulik, W. Heinzelman, and H. Balakrishnan, "Negotiation based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks", Wireless Networks, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 169–185, 2002.
  8. D. Braginsky and D. Estrin, "Rumor routing algorithm for sensor networks", in Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, ser. WSNA ’02. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2002, pp. 22–31.
  9. C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, and F. Silva, "Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking", IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 2–16, Feb. 2003.
  10. Z. J. Haas, J. Y. Halpern, and L. Li, "Gossip-based ad hoc routing", IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 479–491, Jun. 2006.
  11. W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless micro sensor networks", in System Sciences, 2000. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on, Jan 2000, p. 10 vol.2.
  12. A. Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal, "TEEN: a routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks", in Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Proceedings 15th International, April 2001, pp. 2009–2015.
  13. S. Lindsey and C. Raghavendra, "PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems", in Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2002. IEEE, vol. 3, 2002, pp. 3–1125–3–1130 vol.3.
  14. Y. Jin, L. Wang, Y. Kim, and X. Yang, "EEMC: An energy-efficient multi-level clustering algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks", Computer Networks, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 542–562, 2008.
  15. O. Younis and S. Fahmy, "HEED: A hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 366–379, Oct. 2004.
  16. L. Buttyan and P. Schaffer, "PANEL: Position-based aggregator node election in wireless sensor networks", in 2007 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, Oct 2007, pp. 1–9.
  17. Qing, Li, Qingxin Zhu, and Mingwen Wang. "Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks", Computer communications 29, no. 12 (2006): pp 2230-2237.
  18. D. Mahmood, N. Javaid, S. Mahmood, S. Qureshi, A. M. Memon, and T. Zaman, "MODLEACH: A variant of leach for WSNs", in Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), 2013 Eighth International Conference on, Oct 2013, pp. 158–163.
  19. R. M. Eletreby, H. M. Elsayed, and M. M. Khairy, "COGLEACH: A spectrum aware clustering protocol for cognitive radio sensor networks", in 2014 9th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM), June 2014, pp. 179–184.
  20. S. Cho, L. Han, B. Joo, and H. S., "PLEACH: An efficient cluster based technique to track mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks", International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol.2014, pp. 1–10, 2014.
  21. G. S. Arumugam and T. Ponnuchamy, "EELEACH: Development of energy-efficient leach protocol for data gathering in WSN", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol.2015, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2015.
  22. A. Sasikala S.D, Sangameswaran N, "Improving the energy efficiency of leach protocol using VCH in wireless sensor network", International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 918–924, 2015.
  23. P. Marappan and P. Rodrigues, "An energy efficient routing protocol for correlated data using CL-LEACH in WSN", Wireless Networks, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1415–1423, 2016.
  24. W. Jerbi, A. Guermazi, and H. Trabelsi, "O-LEACH of routing protocol for wireless sensor networks", in 2016 13th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV), March 2016, pp. 399–404.
  25. P. K. Batra and K. Kant, "LEACH-MAC: a new cluster head selection algorithm for wireless sensor networks", Wireless Networks, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 49–60, 2016.
  26. J. Y. Lee, K. D. Jung, S. J. Moon, and H. Jeong, "Improvement on leach protocol of a wide-area wireless sensor network", Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp. 1–18, 2016.
  27. C. Tang, Q. Tan, Y. Han, W. An, H. Li and H. Tang, "An energy harvesting aware routing algorithm for hierarchical clustering wireless sensor networks", KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS), vol. 2, no. 2, Feb 2016.

IInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

Downloads

Published

2018-07-30

Issue

Volume 3, Issue 6, July-August-2018

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) IJSRCSEIT

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

[1]
Harish N J, H S Manjunatha Reddy, " A Survey on Secured and Energy Efficient Hierarchical Routing Based Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks , IInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology(IJSRCSEIT), ISSN : 2456-3307, Volume 3, Issue 6, pp.210-221, July-August-2018.