Changing Trends in Computer Architecture : A Comprehensive Analysis of ARM and x86 Processors

Authors

  • Khushi Gupta  UG Student, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
  • Tushar Sharma  UG Student, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

DOI:

https://doi.org//10.32628/CSEIT2173188

Keywords:

ARM (Advanced RISC Machine), ISAs (Instruction Set Architectures), RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing), Instruction Set, Data visualization

Abstract

In the modern world, we use microprocessors which are either based on ARM or x86 architecture which are the most common processor architectures. ARM originally stood for ‘Acorn RISC Machines’ but over the years changed to ‘Advanced RISC Machines’. It was started as just an experiment but showed promising results and now it is omnipresent in our modern devices. Unlike x86 which is designed for high performance, ARM focuses on low power consumption with considerable performance. Because of the advancements in the ARM technology, they are becoming more powerful than their x86 counterparts. In this analysis we will collate the two architectures briefly and conclude which microprocessor will dominate the microprocessor industry. The processor which will perform better in different tests will be more suitable for the reader to use in their application. The shift in the industry towards ARM processors can change how we write softwares which in turn will affect the whole software development environment.

References

  1. E. Blem, M. Jaikrishnan and K. Sankaralingam, “Power struggles: Revisiting the RISC vs. CISC debate on contemporary ARM and x86 architectures,” in 2013 IEEE 19th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), 2013.
  2. R. V. Aroca and L. M. Garcia Gonclaves, “Towards green data centers: A comparison of x86 and ARM architectures power efficiency,” Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 72, no. 12, pp. 1770-1780, 2012.
  3. H. El-Aawar, “CISC vs. RISC Hardware and Programming Complexity Measures of Addressing Modes,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design, 2006.
  4. M. Rebaudengo, M. Reorda, M. Violante, P. Cheynet, B. Nicolescu and R. Velazco, “Evaluating the effectiveness of a software fault-tolerance technique on RISC- and CISC-based architectures,” in Proceedings 6th IEEE International On-Line Testing Workshop (Cat. No.PR00646), 2000.
  5. T. I. M. B. W. E. N. Mohak Chadha, “A statistical approach to power estimation for x86 processors,” in 2017 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW), 2017.
  6. U. Sirin, R. Appuswamy and A. Ailamaki, “OLTP on a server-grade ARM: power, throughput and latency comparison,” DaMoN ‘16: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware, pp. 1-7, 2016.
  7. P. Otto, M. Malik, N. Akhlaghi, R. Sequeira, H. Homayoun and S. Sikdar, “Power and performance characterization, analysis and tuning for energy-efficient edge detection on atom and ARM based platforms,” in 2015 33rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD), 2015.
  8. A. Pellegrini, N. Stephens, M. Bruce, Y. Ishii, J. Pusdesris, A. Raja, C. Abernathy, J. Koppanalil, T. Ringe, A. Tummala, J. Jalal, M. Werkheiser and A. Kona, “The Arm Neoverse N1 Platform: Building Blocks for the Next-Gen Cloud-to-Edge Infrastructure SoC,” IEEE Micro, vol. 40, no. 2, 2020.
  9. L. V. Davi and A. D. S. N. A.-R. Sadeghi, “Gadge me if you can: secure and efficient ad-hoc instruction-level randomization for x86 and ARM,” pp. 299-310, 2013.
  10. G. M. V. S. S. S. L. M. S. A. P. R. a. M. S. G. Kristopher Keipert†, “Energy-Efficient Computational Chemistry: Comparison of x86 and ARM Systems,” in American Chemical Society, 2015.
  11. Z. Ou, P. Bo and Y. Deng, “Energy- and Cost-Efficiency Analysis of ARM-Based Clusters,” in The 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid’12), 2012.
  12. K. Cho and H. Bahn, “A Cost Estimation Model for Cloud Services and Applying to PC Laboratory Platforms,” 4 January 2020.
  13. D. K. D. Kalaskar, S. Yadav and P. Dhumane, “Advance Model For Cost Reduction In Cloud Computing Environment,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, vol. 8, no. 11, November 2019.
  14. L. Lupori, V. Rosario and E. Borin, “Towards a High-Performance RISC-V Emulator,” in 2018 Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems (WSCAD), 2018.
  15. “The rise of RISC – [Opinion],” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 55, no. 8, 2018.
  16. M. Ling, X. Xu, G. Yushen and Z. Pan, in 2019 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM), 2019.
  17. D. Patterson, “Reduced Instruction Set Computers Then and Now,” vol. 50, no. 12, 2017.
  18. H. El-Aawar, “An application of complexity measures in addressing modes for CISC- and RISC-architectures,” in 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2008.
  19. A. A. Abudaqa, T. M. Al-Kharoubi, M. F. Mudawar and A. Kobilica, “Simulation of ARM and x86 microprocessors using in-order and out-of-order CPU models with Gem5 simulator,” in 2018 5th International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), 2018.
  20. Y. a. F. S. G. S. Nicholas, “A Survey and Analysis of SoC Platform Security in ARM, Intel and RISC-V Architecture,” in 2020 IEEE 63rd International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2020.
  21. E. Christiansen, “RISCy business: The future of x86,” 2020.
  22. B. Thompson, “Intel Problems,” 19 January 2021.
  23. D. Graham-Smith, “ARM vs Intel Processors: What’s the Difference?,” 29 May 2021.

IInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

Downloads

Published

2021-06-30

Issue

Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June-2021

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) IJSRCSEIT

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

[1]
Khushi Gupta, Tushar Sharma, " Changing Trends in Computer Architecture : A Comprehensive Analysis of ARM and x86 Processors, IInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology(IJSRCSEIT), ISSN : 2456-3307, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp.619-631, May-June-2021. Available at doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT2173188